https://www.arabsciencepedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%3A%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9%2FScience 2026-04-16T00:47:23Z تاريخ التعديل لهذه الصفحة في الويكي MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://www.arabsciencepedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85:%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9/Science&diff=9508&oldid=prev 2012-04-05T17:39:09Z

<p><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9-5" class="mw-redirect" title="ساحة تجربة-5">ساحة تجربة-5</a> تم نقلها إلى <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85:%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9/Science" title="مستخدم:إدارة الموسوعة/Science">مستخدم:إدارة الموسوعة/Science</a></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <tr class="diff-title" lang="ar"> <td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">→ مراجعة أقدم</td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">مراجعة 17:39، 5 أبريل 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-notice" lang="ar"><div class="mw-diff-empty">(لا فرق)</div> </td></tr></table>

إدارة الموسوعة https://www.arabsciencepedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85:%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9/Science&diff=3679&oldid=prev 2010-11-20T08:04:19Z

<p>أنشأ الصفحة ب&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Science&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Science (الصفحة غير موجودة)">Science</a>&#039;&#039;&#039; in the broadest sense refers to any system of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Objectivity_(science)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Objectivity (science) (الصفحة غير موجودة)">objective</a> knowledge. In a more restricted sense, science refers to a system of a...&#039;</p> <p><b>صفحة جديدة</b></p><div><br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Science]]&#039;&#039;&#039; in the broadest sense refers to any system of [[Objectivity (science)|objective]] knowledge. In a more restricted sense, science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on the [[scientific method]], as well as to the organized body of [[knowledge]] humans have gained by such [[research]]. <br /> The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to science:<br /> ==Essence of science==<br /> : &#039;&#039;Main article: [[Science]]&#039;&#039;<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-3}}<br /> * [[Inquiry]]<br /> * [[Objectivity (science)|Objectivity]]<br /> {{col-3}}<br /> * [[Research]]<br /> * [[Scientific method]]<br /> {{col-3}}<br /> * [[Scientist]]<br /> * [[Scientometry]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==Scientific fields==<br /> Fields of science are widely-recognized categories of specialized expertise within [[science]], and typically embody their own [[terminology]] and [[nomenclature]]. Each field will commonly be represented by one or more [[scientific journal]], where [[peer reviewed]] research will be published. <br /> === Natural sciences ===<br /> {{Main|Natural science}} &amp;nbsp; See also: [[#Social sciences|Social sciences, below]]&#039;&#039;<br /> {{Natural sciences-footer|state=plain}}<br /> ==== Physical Sciences ====<br /> {{main|Physical Science}}<br /> ===== Chemistry =====<br /> {{main|Chemistry|Outline of chemistry}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Analytical chemistry]]<br /> * [[Biochemistry]]<br /> * [[Computational chemistry]]<br /> * [[Electrochemistry]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Geochemistry]]<br /> * [[Inorganic chemistry]]<br /> * [[Materials science]]<br /> * [[Medicinal chemistry]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Organic chemistry]]<br /> * [[Polymer chemistry]]<br /> * [[Physical chemistry]]<br /> * [[Quantum chemistry]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Spectroscopy]]<br /> * [[Stereochemistry]]<br /> * [[Thermochemistry]]<br /> * [[Thermodynamics]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ===== Physics =====<br /> {{main|Physics|Outline of physics}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Acoustics]]<br /> * [[Agrophysics]]<br /> * [[Atomic, Molecular, and Optical physics|Atomic, Molecular, and&lt;BR &gt; Optical physics]]<br /> * [[Biophysics]]<br /> * [[Computational physics]]<br /> * [[Condensed matter physics]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Cryogenics]]<br /> * [[dynamics (mechanics)|Dynamics]]<br /> * [[Electromagnetism|Electricity &amp; Magnetism]]<br /> * [[Electronics]]<br /> * [[Fluid dynamics]]<br /> * [[Geophysics]]<br /> * [[Materials physics]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Mathematical physics]]<br /> * [[Mechanics]]<br /> * [[Nuclear physics]]<br /> * [[Optics]]<br /> * [[Particle physics|Particle/High Energy physics]]<br /> * [[Plasma physics]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Polymer physics]]<br /> * [[Quantum physics]]<br /> * [[Statics]]<br /> * [[Solid state physics|Solid State]]<br /> * [[Thermodynamics]]<br /> * [[Vehicle dynamics]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ===== Astronomy =====<br /> {{main|Astronomy|Outline of astronomy}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Astrobiology]]<br /> * [[Astrochemistry]]<br /> * [[Astrodynamics]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Astrometry]]<br /> * [[Astrophysics]]<br /> * [[Cosmochemistry]]<br /> * [[Cosmology]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Extragalactic astronomy]]<br /> * [[Galactic astronomy]]<br /> * [[Physical cosmology]]<br /> * [[Planetary geology]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Planetary science]]<br /> * [[Sun|Solar astronomy]]<br /> * [[Astronomy#Stellar astronomy|Stellar astronomy]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ===== Earth sciences =====<br /> {{main|Earth sciences|Outline of earth science}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Atmospheric sciences]]<br /> * [[Biogeography]]<br /> * [[Cartography]]<br /> * [[Climatology]]<br /> * [[Coastal geography]]<br /> * [[Geodesy]]<br /> * [[Geography]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Geoinformatics]]<br /> * [[Geology]]<br /> * [[Geomorphology]]<br /> * [[Geostatistics]]<br /> * [[Geophysics]]<br /> * [[Glaciology]]<br /> * [[Hydrology]]<br /> * [[Hydrogeology]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Mineralogy]]<br /> * [[Meteorology]]<br /> * [[Oceanography]]<br /> * [[Paleoclimatology]]<br /> * [[Paleontology]]<br /> * [[Petrology]]<br /> * [[Limnology]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Seismology]]<br /> * [[Soil science]]<br /> * [[Topography]]<br /> * [[Volcanology]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ===== Environmental sciences =====<br /> {{main|Environmental sciences}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> *[[Ecology]]<br /> ** [[Freshwater biology]]<br /> ** [[Marine biology]]<br /> ** [[Parasitology]]<br /> ** [[Population dynamics]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> *[[Environmental chemistry]]<br /> *[[Environmental soil science]]<br /> *[[Environmental geology]]<br /> *[[Toxicology]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Life Sciences (Biology) ====<br /> {{main|Biology|Outline of biology}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Anatomy]]<br /> * [[Astrobiology]]<br /> * [[Bioinformatics]]<br /> * [[Biophysics]]<br /> * [[Botany]]<br /> ** [[Bryology]]<br /> ** [[Mycology]]<br /> *** [[Lichenology]]<br /> ** [[Palynology]]<br /> ** [[Phycology]] (Algology)<br /> * [[Cell biology]] (Cytology)<br /> * [[Chronobiology]]<br /> *[[Conservation biology]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Developmental biology]]<br /> ** [[Embryology]]<br /> ** [[Gerontology]]<br /> * [[Epidemiology]]<br /> *[[Ecology]]<br /> * [[Evolution]] <br /> ** [[Evolutionary biology]]<br /> ** [[Evolutionary developmental biology]] <br /> ** [[Paleobiology]]<br /> *** [[Paleontology]]<br /> * [[Genetics]]<br /> ** [[Genomics]]<br /> ** [[Proteomics]]<br /> ** [[Population genetics]]<br /> * [[Microbiology]] (incl. Bacteriology)<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Molecular biology]]<br /> ** [[Structural biology]]<br /> * [[Morphology (biology)|Morphology]]<br /> * [[Physiology]]<br /> ** [[Immunology]]<br /> ** [[Kinesiology]]<br /> ** [[Neuroscience]]<br /> ** [[Histology]]<br /> * [[Systematics]]<br /> ** [[Cladistics]]<br /> ** [[Phylogeny]]<br /> ** [[Taxonomy]]<br /> * [[Virology]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Zoology]]<br /> ** [[Arachnology]]<br /> *** [[Acarology]]<br /> ** [[Entomology]]<br /> *** [[Myrmecology]]<br /> ** [[Ethology]]<br /> ** [[Helminthology]]<br /> ** [[Herpetology]]<br /> ** [[Ichthyology]]<br /> ** [[Malacology]]<br /> ** [[Mammalogy]]<br /> *** [[Cetology]]<br /> *** [[Physical anthropology]]<br /> ** [[Nematology]]<br /> ** [[Ornithology]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> === Cognitive sciences ===<br /> {{Main|Cognitive Science}}<br /> === Formal sciences ===<br /> {{Main|Formal science}}<br /> ==== Computer sciences ====<br /> {{main|Computer science}}<br /> {{col-begin|width=95%}}<br /> {{col-1-of-3}}<br /> * [[Theory of computation]]<br /> ** [[Automata theory]] ([[Formal languages]])<br /> ** [[Computability theory (computer science)|Computability theory]]<br /> ** [[Computational complexity theory]]<br /> ** [[Concurrency (computer science)#Theory|Concurrency theory]]<br /> * [[Algorithms]]<br /> ** [[Randomized algorithms]]<br /> ** [[Distributed algorithms]]<br /> ** [[Parallel algorithms]]<br /> * [[Data structures]]<br /> * [[Computer architecture]]<br /> ** [[Very-large-scale integration|VLSI design]]<br /> * [[Operating systems]]<br /> * [[Computer networking|Computer communications (networks)]]<br /> ** [[Information theory]]<br /> ** [[Internet]], [[World wide web]]<br /> ** [[Wireless computing]] ([[Mobile computing]])<br /> * [[Computer security]] and [[High availability|reliability]]<br /> ** [[Cryptography]]<br /> ** [[Fault-tolerant system|Fault-tolerant computing]]<br /> * [[Distributed computing]]<br /> ** [[Grid computing]]<br /> * [[Parallel computing]]<br /> ** [[High-performance computing]]<br /> * [[Quantum computing]]<br /> * [[Computer graphics]]<br /> ** [[Image processing]]<br /> ** [[Scientific visualization]]<br /> ** [[Computational geometry]]<br /> {{col-2-of-3}}<br /> * [[Software engineering]]<br /> ** [[Formal methods]] ([[Formal verification]])<br /> * [[Programming languages]]<br /> ** [[Programming paradigms]]<br /> *** [[Object-oriented programming]]<br /> *** [[Functional programming]]<br /> ** [[Program semantics]]<br /> ** [[Type theory]]<br /> ** [[Compilers]]<br /> ** [[Concurrent computing#Concurrent programming languages|Concurrent programming languages]]<br /> * [[Information science]]<br /> ** [[Database]]<br /> *** [[Relational database]]<br /> *** [[Distributed database]]<br /> *** [[Object database]]<br /> ** [[Multimedia]], [[hypermedia]]<br /> ** [[Data mining]]<br /> ** [[Information retrieval]]<br /> * [[Artificial intelligence]]<br /> ** [[Automated reasoning]]<br /> ** [[Computer vision]]<br /> ** [[Machine learning]]<br /> *** [[Artificial neural network]]<br /> ** [[Natural language processing]] ([[Computational linguistics]])<br /> ** [[Expert systems]]<br /> ** [[Robotics]]<br /> {{col-3-of-3}}<br /> * [[Human-computer interaction]]<br /> * Computing in [[Mathematics]], [[Natural sciences]], [[Engineering]] and [[Medicine]]<br /> ** [[Numerical analysis]]<br /> ** [[Symbolic computation|Algebraic (symbolic) computation]]<br /> ** [[Computational number theory]]<br /> ** [[Computational mathematics]]<br /> ** [[Scientific computing|Scientific computing (Computational science)]]<br /> ** [[Computational biology|Computational biology (bioinformatics)]]<br /> ** [[Computational physics]]<br /> ** [[Computational chemistry]]<br /> ** [[Computational neuroscience]]<br /> ** [[Computer-aided engineering]]<br /> *** [[Finite element analysis]]<br /> *** [[Computational fluid dynamics]]<br /> * Computing in [[Social sciences]], [[Arts]] and [[Humanities]], [[Professions]]<br /> ** [[Computational economics]]<br /> ** [[Computational sociology]]<br /> ** [[Computational finance]]<br /> ** [[Digital Humanities|Humanities computing (Digital Humanities)]]<br /> * [[Information systems]] ([[Business informatics]])<br /> ** [[Information technology]]<br /> ** [[Management information systems]]<br /> ** [[Health informatics]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> See also [[Outline of computer science#Branches|Branches of Computer Science]] and ACM [http://www.acm.org/class/ Computing Classification System]<br /> ==== Mathematics ====<br /> {{main|Mathematics|Outline of mathematics}}<br /> {{col-begin|width=95%}}<br /> {{col-1-of-3}}<br /> *[[Algebra]]<br /> ** [[Group theory]]<br /> *** [[Group representation]]<br /> ** [[Ring theory]]<br /> ** [[Field theory (mathematics)|Field theory]]<br /> ** [[Linear algebra]] ([[Vector space]])<br /> ** [[Multilinear algebra]]<br /> ** [[Lie algebra]]<br /> ** [[Associative algebra]]<br /> ** [[Non-associative algebra]]<br /> ** [[Universal algebra]]<br /> ** [[Homological algebra]]<br /> ** [[Category theory]]<br /> ** [[Lattice theory]] ([[Order theory]])<br /> ** [[Differential algebra]]<br /> *[[Mathematical analysis|Analysis]]<br /> **[[Real analysis]]<br /> ***[[Calculus]]<br /> **[[Complex analysis]]<br /> **[[Functional analysis]]<br /> *** [[Operator theory]]<br /> **[[Non-standard analysis]]<br /> **[[Harmonic analysis]]<br /> **[[p-adic analysis]]<br /> **[[Ordinary differential equations]]<br /> **[[Partial differential equations]]<br /> {{col-2-of-3}}<br /> *[[Probability theory]]<br /> **[[Measure theory]]<br /> **[[Ergodic theory]]<br /> **[[Stochastic process]]<br /> *[[Geometry]] and [[Topology]]<br /> **[[General topology]]<br /> **[[Algebraic topology]]<br /> **[[Geometric topology]]<br /> **[[Differential topology]]<br /> **[[Algebraic geometry]]<br /> **[[Differential geometry]]<br /> **[[Projective geometry]]<br /> **[[Affine geometry]]<br /> **[[Non-Euclidean geometry]]<br /> **[[Convex geometry]]<br /> **[[Discrete geometry]]<br /> *[[Trigonometry]]<br /> *[[Number theory]]<br /> **[[Analytic number theory]]<br /> **[[Algebraic number theory]]<br /> **[[Geometric number theory]]<br /> *[[Mathematical logic|Logic]] and [[Foundations of mathematics]]<br /> **[[Set theory]]<br /> **[[Proof theory]]<br /> **[[Model theory]]<br /> **[[Recursion theory]]<br /> **[[Modal logic]]<br /> **[[Intuitionistic logic]]<br /> {{col-3-of-3}}<br /> *[[Applied mathematics]]<br /> &lt;!-- **[[Statistics]] --&gt;<br /> **[[Mathematical statistics]]<br /> ***[[Probability]]<br /> &lt;!-- ***[[Econometrics]]<br /> ***[[Actuarial science]]<br /> ***[[Demography]] --&gt;<br /> **[[Approximation theory]]<br /> **[[Numerical analysis]]<br /> **[[Optimization (mathematics)|Optimization (Mathematical programming)]]<br /> ***[[Operations research]]<br /> ***[[Linear programming]]<br /> **[[Dynamical systems]]<br /> ***[[Chaos theory]]<br /> ***[[Fractal geometry]]<br /> **[[Mathematical physics]]<br /> ***[[Quantum field theory]]<br /> ***[[Statistical mechanics]]<br /> **[[Information theory]]<br /> **[[Cryptography]]<br /> **[[Combinatorics]]<br /> ***[[Coding theory]]<br /> **[[Graph theory]]<br /> **[[Game theory]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> See also [[list of mathematics lists#Fields of mathematics|Branches of Mathematics]] and AMS [http://www.ams.org/msc/ Mathematics Subject Classification]&#039;&#039;<br /> <br /> ==== Statistics ====<br /> {{main|Statistics|Outline of statistics}}<br /> {{col-begin|width=95%}}<br /> {{col-1-of-3}}<br /> * [[Computational statistics]]<br /> **[[Data mining]]<br /> **[[Regression analysis|Regression]]<br /> **[[Simulation]]<br /> ***[[Bootstrap (statistics)]]<br /> * [[Design of experiments]]<br /> **[[Block design]] and [[Analysis of variance]]<br /> **[[Response surface methodology]]<br /> {{col-2-of-3}}<br /> * [[Statistical model]]ling<br /> ** [[Biostatistics]]<br /> *** [[Epidemiology]]<br /> **[[Multivariate analysis]]<br /> *** [[Structural equation model]] <br /> ***[[Time series]] <br /> ** [[Reliability theory]]<br /> ** [[Quality control]]<br /> {{col-3-of-3}}<br /> * [[Statistical theory]]<br /> **[[Decision theory]]<br /> **[[Mathematical statistics]]<br /> ***[[Probability]]<br /> * [[Survey Sampling|Sample Survey]]<br /> **[[Statistics|Sampling theory]]<br /> &lt;!-- **[[Official statistics]] --&gt;<br /> **[[Survey (statistics)|Survey methodology]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Systems science ====<br /> {{main|Systems science}}<br /> {{col-begin|width=95%}}<br /> {{col-1-of-3}}<br /> &lt;!-- * [[Chaos theory]] --&gt;<br /> * [[Complex systems]]<br /> * [[Complex systems|Complexity theory]]<br /> * [[Cybernetics]]<br /> ** [[Biocybernetics]]<br /> ** [[Engineering cybernetics]]<br /> ** [[Management cybernetics]]<br /> ** [[Medical cybernetics]] <br /> ** [[New Cybernetics]] <br /> ** [[Second-order cybernetics]]<br /> {{col-2-of-3}}<br /> * [[Control theory]]<br /> ** [[Control engineering]]<br /> ** [[Control systems]]<br /> ** [[Dynamical systems]]<br /> * [[Operations research]]<br /> * [[Systems dynamics]]<br /> ** [[Systems analysis]]<br /> {{col-3-of-3}}<br /> * [[Systems theory]]<br /> ** [[Developmental systems theory]]<br /> ** [[General systems theory]]<br /> ** [[LTI system theory|Linear time-invariant systems]]<br /> ** [[Mathematical system theory]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> === Social sciences ===<br /> {{Main|Social sciences}} &amp;nbsp; See also: [[#Natural sciences|Natural sciences, above]]&#039;&#039;<br /> {{Social sciences-footer|state=plain}}<br /> ==== Anthropology ====<br /> {{main|Anthropology|Outline of anthropology}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Anthropology of religion]]<br /> * [[Applied anthropology]]<br /> * [[Archaeology]]<br /> * [[Cultural anthropology]]<br /> * [[Ethnobiology]]<br /> * [[Ethnography]]<br /> * [[Ethnology]]<br /> * [[Ethnopoetics]]<br /> * [[Evolutionary anthropology]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Experimental archaeology]]<br /> * [[Historical archaeology]]<br /> * [[Linguistic anthropology]]<br /> * [[Medical anthropology]]<br /> * [[Physical anthropology]]<br /> * [[Psychological anthropology]]<br /> * [[Zooarchaeology]]<br /> * [[Anthrozoology]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Economics ====<br /> {{main|Economics|Outline of economics}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Macroeconomics]]<br /> * [[Microeconomics]]<br /> * [[Behavioural economics]]<br /> * [[Bioeconomics]]<br /> * [[Comparative economics]]<br /> ** [[Socialist economics]]<br /> * [[Development economics]]<br /> &lt;!-- * [[Econometrics]] --&gt;<br /> * [[Economic geography]]<br /> * [[Economic history]]<br /> * [[Economic sociology]]<br /> * [[Energy economics]]<br /> * [[Entrepreneurial Economics]]<br /> * [[Environmental economics]]<br /> * [[Evolutionary economics]]<br /> * [[Financial economics]]<br /> * [[Heterodox economics]]<br /> ** [[Green economics]]<br /> ** [[Feminist economics]]<br /> ** [[Islamic economics]] <br /> * [[Industrial organization]]<br /> * [[International economics]]<br /> * [[Institutional economics]]<br /> * [[Labor economics]]<br /> * [[Law and Economics]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Managerial economics]]<br /> * [[Monetary economics]]<br /> * [[Neuroeconomics]]<br /> * [[Public finance]]<br /> * [[Public economics]]<br /> * [[Real estate economics]]<br /> * [[Resource economics]]<br /> * [[Welfare economics]]<br /> * [[Political economy]]<br /> * [[Socioeconomics]]<br /> * [[Transport economics]]<br /> * [[Economic methodology]]<br /> ** [[Computational economics]]<br /> ** [[Econometrics]]<br /> *** [[Mathematical economics]]<br /> *** [[Economic statistics]]<br /> **** [[Time series]]<br /> ** [[Experimental economics]] <br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Linguistics ====<br /> {{main|Linguistics|Outline of linguistics}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> *[[Anthropological Linguistics]]<br /> *[[Applied Linguistics]]<br /> *[[Biolinguistics]]<br /> *[[Clinical Linguistics]] and [[Speech and Language Pathology]]<br /> *[[Cognitive Linguistics]]<br /> *[[Comparative Linguistics]]<br /> *[[Computational Linguistics]]<br /> *[[Developmental linguistics|Developmental Linguistics]] and [[Language Acquisition]]<br /> *[[Dialectology]] and [[Dialectometry]]<br /> *[[Discourse Analysis]]<br /> *[[Etymology]]<br /> *[[Evolutionary linguistics|Evolutionary Linguistics]]<br /> *[[Forensic Linguistics]]<br /> *[[Geolinguistics]]<br /> *[[Historical Linguistics]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> *[[Lexis (linguistics)|Lexis]]<br /> *[[Linguistic Typology]]<br /> *[[Morphology (linguistics)|Morphology]]<br /> *[[Neurolinguistics]]<br /> *[[Philology]]<br /> *[[Phonetics]]<br /> *[[Phonology]]<br /> *[[Phraseology]]<br /> *[[Pragmatics]]<br /> *[[Psycholinguistics]]<br /> *[[Sociolinguistics]]<br /> *[[Stylistics (linguistics)|Stylistics]]<br /> *[[Syntax]]<br /> *[[Semantics]]<br /> *[[Writing|Writing Systems]] and [[Orthography]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Psychology ====<br /> {{main|Psychology|Outline of psychology}}<br /> See also [[Subfields of psychology]]<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Behavior analysis]]<br /> * [[Biopsychology]]<br /> * [[Cognitive psychology]]<br /> * [[Clinical psychology]]<br /> * [[Cultural psychology]]<br /> * [[Developmental psychology]]<br /> * [[Educational psychology]]<br /> * [[Evolutionary psychology]]<br /> * [[Experimental psychology]]<br /> * [[Forensic psychology]]<br /> * [[Health psychology]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Humanistic psychology]]<br /> * [[Industrial and organizational psychology]]<br /> * [[Music therapy]]<br /> * [[Neuropsychology]]<br /> * [[Personality psychology]]<br /> * [[Psychometrics]]<br /> * [[Psychology of religion]]<br /> * [[Psychophysics]]<br /> * [[Sensation and perception psychology]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Geography ====<br /> {{main|Geography|Outline of geography}}<br /> {{col-start|width=95%}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Cartography]]<br /> * [[Human geography]]<br /> ** [[Critical geography]]<br /> ** [[Cultural geography]]<br /> ** [[Feminist geography]]<br /> ** [[Economic geography]]<br /> ** [[Development geography]]<br /> ** [[Historical geography]]<br /> ** [[Time geography]]<br /> ** [[Political geography]] &amp; [[geopolitics]]<br /> ** [[Marxist geography]]<br /> ** [[Military geography]]<br /> ** [[Strategic geography]]<br /> ** [[Population geography]]<br /> ** [[Social geography]]<br /> ** [[Behavioral geography]]<br /> ** [[Children&#039;s geographies]]<br /> ** [[Health geography]]<br /> ** [[Tourism geography]]<br /> ** [[Urban geography]]<br /> {{Col-break}}<br /> * [[Environmental geography]]<br /> * [[Physical geography]]<br /> ** [[Biogeography]]<br /> ** [[Climatology]]<br /> ** [[Palaeoclimatology]]<br /> ** [[Coastal geography]]<br /> ** [[Geomorphology]]<br /> ** [[Geodesy]]<br /> ** [[Hydrology]]/[[Hydrography]] <br /> ** [[Glaciology]] <br /> ** [[Limnology]] <br /> ** [[Oceanography]]<br /> ** [[Pedology (soil study)|Pedology]]<br /> ** [[Landscape ecology]] <br /> ** [[Palaeogeography]]<br /> * [[Regional geography]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Philosophy ====<br /> {{main|Philosophy|Outline of philosophy}}<br /> Not considered a science by some thinkers,{{who|date=July 2010}} instead considered a precursor of it. Several fields of philosophy are more directly relevant to the natural and social sciences than others. These include: <br /> * [[Epistemology]]<br /> * [[Ethics]]<br /> * [[Logic]]<br /> * [[Philosophy of mind]]<br /> * [[Philosophy of science]]<br /> ==== Political science ====<br /> {{main|Political science|Outline of political science}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Comparative politics]]<br /> * [[Game theory]]<br /> * [[Geopolitics]] and [[political geography]]<br /> * [[Ideology]]<br /> * [[Political economy]]<br /> * [[Political psychology]], bureaucratic, administrative and judicial behaviour<br /> * [[Psephology]] ([[voting systems]] and electoral behaviour)<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Public administration]]<br /> ** [[Public policy]]<br /> ** [[Local government]] studies* [[Supranational]] and [[intergovernmentalism|intergovernmental]] politics<br /> * Political science of religion<br /> * [[International relations theory]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Sociology ====<br /> {{main|Sociology|Outline of sociology}}<br /> See also [[Subfields of sociology]]<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Criminology]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Demography]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ===Applied sciences===<br /> {{main|Applied sciences}}<br /> ==== Agronomy ====<br /> {{main|Agronomy}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Animal husbandry]]<br /> * [[Aquaculture]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Agriculture]]<br /> * [[Food science]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Forestry]]<br /> * [[Horticulture]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Hydroponics]]<br /> * [[Permaculture]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Architecture ====<br /> {{main|Architecure|Outline of architecture}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Architectural engineering]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Architecture]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Building science]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Education ====<br /> {{main|Education|Outline of education}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ====[[Engineering]]====<br /> {{main|Engineering|Outline of engineering}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Aeronautical engineering]]<br /> * [[Aerospace engineering]]<br /> * [[Agricultural engineering]]<br /> * [[Agricultural science]]<br /> * [[Biomedical engineering]]<br /> * [[Bioengineering]]<br /> * [[Chemical engineering]]<br /> * [[Civil engineering]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Computer engineering]]<br /> * [[Control engineering]]<br /> * [[Electrical engineering]]<br /> * [[Industrial engineering]]<br /> * [[Language engineering]]<br /> * [[Marine engineering]]<br /> * [[Materials engineering]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Mechanical engineering]]<br /> * [[Mining engineering]]<br /> * [[Nuclear engineering]]<br /> * [[Polymer science|Polymer engineering]]<br /> * [[Software engineering]]<br /> * [[Systems engineering]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Health sciences ====<br /> {{main|Health science|Outline of health science}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Conservation medicine]]<br /> * [[Dentistry]]<br /> * [[Optometry]]<br /> * [[Medicine]]<br /> ** [[Anatomy]]<br /> ** [[Dermatology]]<br /> ** [[Gastroenterology]]<br /> ** [[Gynecology]]<br /> ** [[Immunology]]<br /> ** [[Internal medicine]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> ** [[Neurology]]<br /> ** [[Ophthalmology]]<br /> ** [[Pathology]]<br /> ** [[Pathophysiology]]<br /> ** [[Pediatrics]]<br /> ** [[Pharmacy]] <br /> ** [[Physiology]]<br /> ** [[Psychiatry]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> ** [[Radiology]]<br /> ** [[Toxicology]]<br /> ** [[Urology]]<br /> * [[Nutrition]]<br /> * [[Nursing]]<br /> * [[Pharmacology]]<br /> * [[Physical therapy]]<br /> * [[Veterinary medicine]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Management ====<br /> {{main|Management|Outline of business management}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> *[[Accounting]]<br /> *[[Business Strategy]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> *[[Finance]]<br /> *[[Marketing]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> *[[Organizational Behavior]]<br /> *[[Business operations|Operations]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Military sciences ====<br /> {{main|Military science|Outline of military science and technology}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Military organisation|Military Organization]]<br /> * [[Recruit training|Military Education and Training]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Military history|Military History]]<br /> * [[Military technology and equipment|Military Engineering]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[Military strategy|Military Strategy and Tactics]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==== Spatial Science ====<br /> {{main|Spatial science}}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> * [[GIS]]<br /> * [[Remote Sensing]]<br /> * [[Photogrammetry]]<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> ==History of science==<br /> : &#039;&#039;Main article: [[History of science]]&#039;&#039;<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-2}}<br /> * [[History of science|History of science in general]]<br /> ** [[History of scientific method]]<br /> ** [[Theories and sociology of the history of science|Theories/sociology of science]]<br /> ** [[Historiography of science|Historiography]]<br /> ** [[History of pseudoscience]] <br /> * By era<br /> ** [[History of science in early cultures]]<br /> ** [[History of science in Classical Antiquity]]<br /> ** [[History of science in the Middle Ages]]<br /> ** [[History of science in the Renaissance]]<br /> ** [[Scientific revolution]]<br /> * [[History of natural science]]<br /> ** [[Natural philosophy]]<br /> ** [[History of biology]]<br /> *** [[Natural history]]<br /> *** [[History of ecology]]<br /> *** [[History of molecular biology]]<br /> ** [[History of science and technology|History of physical science]]<br /> *** [[History of Earth|History of nature]]<br /> *** [[History of astronomy]], [[Timeline of astronomy|Timeline]]<br /> *** [[History of chemistry]]<br /> *** [[History of earth science]]<br /> *** [[History of geography]]<br /> *** [[History of geology]], [[Timeline of geology|Timeline]]<br /> *** [[History of meteorology]], [[Timeline of meteorology|Timeline]]<br /> *** [[History of physics]]<br /> {{col-2}}<br /> * [[History of the social sciences]]<br /> ** [[History of science and technology]]<br /> ** [[History of scientific method]]<br /> ** [[History of society]]<br /> ** [[History of archaeology]], [[Timeline of archaeology|Timeline]]<br /> ** [[History of business]]<br /> ** [[History of cognitive science]]<br /> ** [[History of community]]<br /> ** [[History of criminal justice]]<br /> ** [[History of critical theory]]<br /> ** [[History of economics]]<br /> ** [[History of education]]<br /> ** [[History of finance]]<br /> ** [[History of law]]<br /> ** [[History of linguistics]]<br /> ** [[History of management]]<br /> ** [[History of marketing]]<br /> ** [[History of parapsychology]]<br /> ** [[History of political science]]<br /> ** [[History of psychology]], [[Timeline of psychology|Timeline]]<br /> ** [[History of public affairs]]<br /> ** [[History of sociology]], [[Timeline of sociology|Timeline]]<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> : &#039;&#039;See also: [[Outline of technology#History of technology|Outline of technology:: History of technology]]<br /> ==Famous scientists==<br /> : &#039;&#039;Main list: [[Lists of scientists]]&#039;&#039;<br /> * [[Aristotle]]<br /> * [[Archimedes]]<br /> * [[Vesalius|Andreas Vesalius]]<br /> * [[Nicolaus Copernicus]]<br /> * [[Galileo Galilei]]<br /> * [[Johannes Kepler]]<br /> * [[René Descartes]]<br /> * [[Isaac Newton]]<br /> * [[Leonhard Euler]]<br /> * [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]]<br /> * [[Alexander von Humboldt]]<br /> * [[Charles Darwin]]<br /> * [[James Clerk Maxwell]]<br /> * [[Marie Curie]]<br /> * [[Albert Einstein]]<br /> * [[Linus Pauling]]<br /> * [[John Bardeen]]<br /> * [[Frederick Sanger]]<br /> * [[Stephen Hawking]]<br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Science}}<br /> *[[Sci-Mate]]<br /> *[[Science Daily]]<br /> *[[Science.tv]]<br /> *[[Self Service Science Forum]]<br /> {{Outline footer}}<br /> [[Category:Outlines|Science]]<br /> [[Category:Science]]<br /> [[Category:Science-related lists| ]]</div>

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