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قالب:علم التخدير القديم-هامش - تاريخ المراجعة
2026-05-17T17:08:28Z
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إدارة الموسوعة: أنشأ الصفحة ب'{{Navbox generic | name = علم التخدير القديم-هامش | title = تخدير: علم التخدير القديم | style = | color = | group1 = | lis...'
2011-08-13T10:07:24Z
<p>أنشأ الصفحة ب'{{Navbox generic | name = علم التخدير القديم-هامش | title = <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="تخدير">تخدير</a>: علم التخدير القديم | style = | color = | group1 = | lis...'</p>
<p><b>صفحة جديدة</b></p><div>{{Navbox generic<br />
| name = علم التخدير القديم-هامش<br />
| title = [[تخدير]]: علم التخدير القديم<br />
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| list1 = [[Aconite]] • [[Hawaiian baby woodrose|Argyreia speciosa]] • [[Beaver]] • [[قنب|قنب Cannabis]] • [[كوكا]] • [[Deadly nightshade]] • [[Henbane]] • [[Lactucarium]] • [[Mandrake]] • [[Datura metel|Metel nut]] • [[أفيون]] • [[شوكران]] • [[Saussurea]] • [[Datura inoxia|Toloatzin]] • [[Willow]] <br /><br />
[[الزهراوي]] • [[الرازي]] • [[ابن سينا]] • [[Aulus Cornelius Celsus|Celsus]] • [[ديوسقوريدس]] • [[جالينوس]] • [[أبقراط]] • [[Susrutha]] • [[ثاوفرسطس]] • [[Zhang Ji (Chinese physician)|Zhang Ji]]<br />
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[[Aconitine]] • [[THC|Δ9-THC]] • [[أتروپين]] • [[كوكايين]] • [[كونيين]] • [[Hyoscyamine]] • [[مورفين|مورفين Morphine]] • [[Salicylic acid|Salicylate]] • [[Scopolamine]]<br />
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[[تصنيف:جداول تصفح الأدوية|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
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''Please do not add herbs to this template unless a reliable source describes their use for anaesthesia or other pain relief prior to perhaps 1500 A.D.''<br />
==References==<br />
{{cite web|url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1272342|title=Avicenna and the Canon of Medicine: a millennial tribute|author=Richard Dean Smith|year=1980|accessdate=2007-07-05}}<br />
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{{cite web|url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_1_page005.html|title=The plant kingdom and hallucinogens (part III)|author=Richard Evans Schultes|date=1970-01-01|accessdate=2007-05-23}}<br />
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{{cite web|url=http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2003;volume=51;issue=2;spage=119;epage=122;aulast=Raju|author=Raju VK|title=Susruta of ancient India|date=2003|accessdate=2007-05-24}}<br />
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{{cite web|url=http://www.nida.nih.gov/pdf/monographs/13.pdf|author=Eleanor Carroll|title=Coca: the plant and its use|accessdate=2007-05-26}}<br />
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{{cite web|url=http://www.touregypt.net/edwinsmithsurgical.htm|title=The Edwin Smith Papyrus|author=James Breasted (English translation)|accessdate=2007-06-09}}<br />
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{{cite web|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/2005/03/28/S31/1/|title=The quest for pain relief: how much have we improved on the past?|author=Stephen Pincock|date=2005-03-28|accessdate=2007-06-17}}<br />
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For aconite, a Chinese scientific reference is needed, but as a stopgap to indicate the use of Wu Tou Tang from [[Jingui Yaolue]], see {{cite web|url=http://www.findhealer.com/library/article20.php3|title=Bi syndrome|accessdate=2007-06-13}} and {{cite web|url=http://www.siom.edu/resources/acmerc/Zhang_qi|title=Treating painful obstruction ''(bi)''|accessdate=2007-06-13}}.<br />
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For ''Saussurea lappa'', ''Argyreia speciosa'' and ''Achyranthes aspera'', see PMID 11100933, PMID 16141525, PMID 12222664 <br />
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[[Category:Biology navigational boxes|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
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