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	<title>حمض الألجينيك - تاريخ المراجعة</title>
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	<updated>2026-06-02T06:53:34Z</updated>
	<subtitle>تاريخ التعديل لهذه الصفحة في الويكي</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.6</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.arabsciencepedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83&amp;diff=28128&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>كنان الطرح في 19:19، 9 أغسطس 2013</title>
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		<updated>2013-08-09T19:19:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;→ مراجعة أقدم&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;مراجعة 19:19، 9 أغسطس 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot;&gt;سطر 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;سطر 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Verifiedfields = changed&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| Verifiedfields = changed&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| verifiedrevid = 477314688&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| verifiedrevid = 477314688&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|ImageFile=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Alginsäure&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;svg&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|ImageFile=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Alginic acid&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;png&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|ImageSize=250px&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|ImageSize=250px&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|IUPACName=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|IUPACName=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l37&quot;&gt;سطر 37:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;سطر 37:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Image:Giantkelp2 300.jpg|250px|يسار]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;حمض الألجينيك (Alginic acid)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, ويسمى أيضا &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ألجين&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; أو &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ألجينات&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;،  هو [[عديد سكاريد]] [[أنيون|أنيوني]] ينتشر على نطاق واسع في [[خلية جدارية|الخلايا الجدارية]] [[طحلب بني|للطحالب البنية]]، التي تتواجد في المياه الباردة وتنتج [[صمغ طبيعي|الصمغ]]. عند استخلاصها فإنها تكون قادرة على إمتصاص الماء بسرعة، وتستطيع إمتصاص  من 200-300 ضعف وزنها من الماء.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation | first = Raymond | last = Roew | contribution = Adipic Acid | title = Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients | date = 2009 | pages = 11–12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Its colour ranges from white to yellowish-brown. It is sold in [[filament]]ous, granular or powdered forms.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;حمض الألجينيك (Alginic acid)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, ويسمى أيضا &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ألجين&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; أو &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ألجينات&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;،  هو [[عديد سكاريد]] [[أنيون|أنيوني]] ينتشر على نطاق واسع في [[خلية جدارية|الخلايا الجدارية]] [[طحلب بني|للطحالب البنية]]، التي تتواجد في المياه الباردة وتنتج [[صمغ طبيعي|الصمغ]]. عند استخلاصها فإنها تكون قادرة على إمتصاص الماء بسرعة، وتستطيع إمتصاص  من 200-300 ضعف وزنها من الماء.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation | first = Raymond | last = Roew | contribution = Adipic Acid | title = Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients | date = 2009 | pages = 11–12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Its colour ranges from white to yellowish-brown. It is sold in [[filament]]ous, granular or powdered forms.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>كنان الطرح</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.arabsciencepedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83&amp;diff=28126&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>كنان الطرح في 19:16، 9 أغسطس 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.arabsciencepedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83&amp;diff=28126&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-08-09T19:16:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;→ مراجعة أقدم&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;مراجعة 19:16، 9 أغسطس 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;سطر 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;سطر 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{chembox&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{chembox&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| English = Alginic acid&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| Verifiedfields = changed&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| verifiedrevid = 477314688&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|ImageFile=Alginsäure.svg&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|ImageSize=250px&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|IUPACName=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|IUPACName=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|OtherNames=Alginic acid&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|OtherNames=Alginic acid&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|OtherNames = E400&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|OtherNames = E400&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| CASNo=9005-32-7&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| CASNo=9005-32-7&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| EINECS=232-680-1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| EINECS=232-680-1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ATCCode_prefix = A02&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ATCCode_prefix = A02&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ATCCode_suffix = BX13&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ATCCode_suffix = BX13&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| UNII = 8C3Z4148WZ&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| PubChem=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| PubChem=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| SMILES=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| SMILES=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| ChemSpiderID = NA&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Section2= {{Chembox Properties&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Section2= {{Chembox Properties&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l29&quot;&gt;سطر 29:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;سطر 38:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Giantkelp2 300.jpg|250px|يسار]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Giantkelp2 300.jpg|250px|يسار]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;حمض الألجينيك&#039;&#039;&#039;, ويسمى أيضا &#039;&#039;&#039;ألجين&#039;&#039;&#039; أو &#039;&#039;&#039;ألجينات&#039;&#039;&#039;،  هو [[عديد سكاريد]] [[أنيون|أنيوني]] ينتشر على نطاق واسع في [[خلية جدارية|الخلايا الجدارية]] [[طحلب بني|للطحالب البنية]]، التي تتواجد في المياه الباردة وتنتج [[صمغ طبيعي|الصمغ]]. عند استخلاصها فإنها تكون قادرة على إمتصاص الماء بسرعة، وتستطيع إمتصاص  من 200-300 ضعف وزنها من الماء.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation | first = Raymond | last = Roew | contribution = Adipic Acid | title = Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients | date = 2009 | pages = 11–12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Its colour ranges from white to yellowish-brown. It is sold in [[filament]]ous, granular or powdered forms.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;حمض الألجينيك &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(Alginic acid)&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;, ويسمى أيضا &#039;&#039;&#039;ألجين&#039;&#039;&#039; أو &#039;&#039;&#039;ألجينات&#039;&#039;&#039;،  هو [[عديد سكاريد]] [[أنيون|أنيوني]] ينتشر على نطاق واسع في [[خلية جدارية|الخلايا الجدارية]] [[طحلب بني|للطحالب البنية]]، التي تتواجد في المياه الباردة وتنتج [[صمغ طبيعي|الصمغ]]. عند استخلاصها فإنها تكون قادرة على إمتصاص الماء بسرعة، وتستطيع إمتصاص  من 200-300 ضعف وزنها من الماء.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation | first = Raymond | last = Roew | contribution = Adipic Acid | title = Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients | date = 2009 | pages = 11–12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Its colour ranges from white to yellowish-brown. It is sold in [[filament]]ous, granular or powdered forms.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==التركيب==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==التركيب==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l132&quot;&gt;سطر 132:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;سطر 141:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Drugs for peptic ulcer and GORD&lt;/del&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;أدوية القرحة والقلس المريئي&lt;/ins&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[تصنيف:أدوية]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[تصنيف: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;حموض&lt;/del&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[تصنيف:موسوعة الأدوية]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[تصنيف:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;مضادات القرحة&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>كنان الطرح</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.arabsciencepedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83&amp;diff=23896&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>أسيل سيوف في 18:42، 4 مارس 2013</title>
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		<updated>2013-03-04T18:42:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;→ مراجعة أقدم&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;مراجعة 18:42، 4 مارس 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;سطر 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;سطر 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{chembox&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{chembox&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|ImageFile=Alginsäure.svg&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|ImageSize=250px&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|IUPACName=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|IUPACName=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|OtherNames=Alginic acid&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|OtherNames=Alginic acid&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>أسيل سيوف</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.arabsciencepedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83&amp;diff=2992&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>أسيل سيوف: أنشأ الصفحة ب&#039;{{chembox |ImageFile=Alginsäure.svg |ImageSize=250px |IUPACName= |OtherNames=Alginic acid |OtherNames = E400 |Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo=9005-32-7 | EINECS=23...&#039;</title>
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		<updated>2010-11-17T06:39:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;أنشأ الصفحة ب&amp;#039;{{chembox |ImageFile=Alginsäure.svg |ImageSize=250px |IUPACName= |OtherNames=Alginic acid |OtherNames = E400 |Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo=9005-32-7 | EINECS=23...&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;صفحة جديدة&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{chembox&lt;br /&gt;
|ImageFile=Alginsäure.svg&lt;br /&gt;
|ImageSize=250px&lt;br /&gt;
|IUPACName=&lt;br /&gt;
|OtherNames=Alginic acid&lt;br /&gt;
|OtherNames = E400&lt;br /&gt;
|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers&lt;br /&gt;
| CASNo=9005-32-7&lt;br /&gt;
| EINECS=232-680-1&lt;br /&gt;
| ATCCode_prefix = A02&lt;br /&gt;
| ATCCode_suffix = BX13&lt;br /&gt;
| PubChem=&lt;br /&gt;
| SMILES=&lt;br /&gt;
 }}&lt;br /&gt;
|Section2= {{Chembox Properties&lt;br /&gt;
| Formula=(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;6&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;6&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| MolarMass=10,000 - 600,000&lt;br /&gt;
| Appearance= white to yellow, fibrous powder&lt;br /&gt;
| Density= 1.601 g/cm&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| MeltingPt=&lt;br /&gt;
| BoilingPt=&lt;br /&gt;
| Solubility=&lt;br /&gt;
| pKa = 1.5-3.5&lt;br /&gt;
 }}&lt;br /&gt;
|Section3= {{Chembox Hazards&lt;br /&gt;
| MainHazards=&lt;br /&gt;
| FlashPt=&lt;br /&gt;
| Autoignition=&lt;br /&gt;
 }}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Giantkelp2 300.jpg|250px|يسار]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;حمض الألجينيك&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, ويسمى أيضا &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ألجين&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; أو &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ألجينات&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;،  هو [[عديد سكاريد]] [[أنيون|أنيوني]] ينتشر على نطاق واسع في [[خلية جدارية|الخلايا الجدارية]] [[طحلب بني|للطحالب البنية]]، التي تتواجد في المياه الباردة وتنتج [[صمغ طبيعي|الصمغ]]. عند استخلاصها فإنها تكون قادرة على إمتصاص الماء بسرعة، وتستطيع إمتصاص  من 200-300 ضعف وزنها من الماء.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation | first = Raymond | last = Roew | contribution = Adipic Acid | title = Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients | date = 2009 | pages = 11–12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Its colour ranges from white to yellowish-brown. It is sold in [[filament]]ous, granular or powdered forms. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==التركيب==&lt;br /&gt;
It is a linear [[copolymer]] with [[homopolymer]]ic blocks of (1-4)-linked β-D-mannuronate (M) and its C-5 [[epimer]] α-L-guluronate (G) residues, respectively, [[covalently]] linked together in different sequences or blocks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[monomer]]s can appear in homopolymeric blocks of consecutive [[G-residues]] (G-blocks), consecutive [[M-residues]] (M-blocks), alternating M and G-residues (MG-blocks), or randomly organized blocks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==الصيغ==&lt;br /&gt;
Commercial varieties of alginate are extracted from [[seaweed]], including the giant [[kelp]] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Macrocystis pyrifera]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Ascophyllum nodosum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, and various types of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Laminaria]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. It is also produced by two [[bacteria]]l [[genera]] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Pseudomonas]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Azotobacter]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, which played a major role in the unravelling of its [[biosynthesis]] pathway. Bacterial alginates are useful for the production of micro- or nanostructures suitable for medical applications.&amp;lt;ref name=2Remminghorst&amp;gt;{{cite book |author=Remminghorst and Rehm|date=2009|chapter=Microbial Production of Alginate: Biosynthesis and Applications|title=Microbial Production of Biopolymers and Polymer Precursors|publisher=Caister Academic Press|isbn = 978-1-904455-36-3}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==طرق الاستخلاص==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Alginic-acid.gif|250 px|يسار|حمض الألجينيك]]&lt;br /&gt;
تجمع كميات كبيرة من [[طحالب بحرية|الطحالب البحرية]] seaweeds البنية من العديد من [[ماء|المياه]] الباردة في العالم. وان المنتجين الرئيسيون حسب الكميات هم بالتقريب من [[ولايات متحدة امريكية|الولايات المتحدة الامريكية (كاليفورنيا)]]، ال[[نرويج]]، [[شيلي]]، ال[[صين]]، [[كندا]]، [[جمهورية ارلندية|الجمهورية الارلندية]]، [[استراليا]]، [[ايسلندا]]، [[مملكة متحدة|المملكة المتحدة]]، [[جنوب افريقيا]]. وقد ذكر منذ سنين خلت ان الصينين قد طوروا ذراري من الطحالب البحرية البنية التي ازدهرت في الشرق الدافئ وفي بحور الصين الجنوبية. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{مرجع كتاب&lt;br /&gt;
 | title = علم العقاقير Pharmacognosy&lt;br /&gt;
 | author= [[تريز وإڤانز )william charles Evans) ]]&lt;br /&gt;
 | origyear = 2003&lt;br /&gt;
 | language = [[اللغة العربية|العربية]]&lt;br /&gt;
 | publisher = W.B sannders ltd&lt;br /&gt;
 | year = 2003&lt;br /&gt;
 | location = المركز العربي للتعريب والترجمة والتأليف والنشر بدمشق &lt;br /&gt;
| chapter = حمض اللألجينيك&lt;br /&gt;
 | pages = ص. 378-379&lt;br /&gt;
 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; تعد الألجنات والآغار الأكثر اهمية في المنتجات الصيدلانية.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
يقطع عشب صخور شمال الاطلسي (الانماط الساحلية) مثلاً: Ascoohyllum nordosum اما باليد بواسطة ال[[منجل]]، او بواسطة أدوات تحصد الطافي منه مثل &amp;quot;الحصادات الدراسة&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
وبعد التجميع يمكن لل[[طحلب]] الخام والرطب ان يعالج مباشرةً بعمليات خاصة، او ان يجفف بال[[طاقة]] او ب[[أشعة]] الشمس حتى المحتوى 12-17% من الرطوبة، وبهذا الشكل فيصبح له عمر تخزين غير محدد.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
وقد تم عزل حمض الألجينيك، وهو [[عديد سكاريد]] متقرن وقاسي، أولاً بواسطة الكيميائي الانكليزي Stanford (1883) وقد سوق في بريطانيا لأول مرة من عام 1910؛ وقد قدر الإنتاج العالمي عام 1976 من الألجينات حوالي 1976 طن.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
وهناك طرق جديدة لل[[استخلاص]] نالت [[براءة اختراع|براءة الاختراع]]، ولكن نموذج عملية Stanford لم يزل هو الأكثر إتباعاً.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
يعطّن الطحلب البحري المطحون في محلول من [[كربونات الصوديوم]] المخفف، والكتلة العجينية الناتجة تخفف بكمية كافية من ال[[ماء]] اللين حتى يصبح بالإمكان فصل المادة اللاذوابة بأجهزة تصفية حديثة.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
يعد الماء اللين أساسياً لتجنب ترسب الألجينات اللاذوابة. والسائل الناتج الصافي، الذي يحوي معظم الألجينات الموجودة أصلاً في الطحالب، يمكن أن يعالج بإحدى الطريقتين:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1-	تسكب على محلول من [[حمض السلفوريك]] المخفف أو محلول [[كلوريد الكالسيوم]] المخفف، عندما يرسب حمض الألجينيك اللاذواب أو ملحه، [[ألجينات كالسيوم|ألجينات الكالسيوم]]، بشكل هلامة كتلية مميهة بشدة، ينزع منها السائل بعصّارة دوارة أو نابذة.&lt;br /&gt;
يبدو الناتج المحصول عليه بشكل متماسك يشبه عجينة ال[[خشب]]. وعند تحريك ألجينات الكالسيوم بالخض المستمر مقابل تيار من [[حمض الهيدروكلوريك]]، يُزال ال[[كالسيوم]] والعجينة المتورمة بشكل كبير من حمض الألجينيك. تعصر بآلة دوارة ثم تستعدل ب[[كربونات صوديوم|كربونات الصوديوم]] لتعطي [[ألأجينات صوديوم|ألجينات الصوديوم]].&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
2-	يمكن ترسيب ألجينات الصوديوم بنقاوة عالية من السائل الطافي بإضافة [[كحول ايثيلي|الكحول الايثيلي]] مباشرةً، أو بعد [[تبخير جزئي|التبخير الجزئي]].&lt;br /&gt;
يتركب حمض الألجينيك من ثمالات [[حمض المانورونيك]] و[[حمض الغلولورونيك]]؛ طول السلسلة طويل ويختلف (يتراوح الوزن الجزيئي من 35000 الى 1.5×106 ( باختلاف طريقة العزل ومصدر الطحالب. ويمكن التحكم بدرجة ال[[بلمرة]] لتتوافق مع الخواص المرغوبة).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
لا يذوب حمض الألجينيك في الماء البارد (بل يتورم ويمتص عدة اضعاف من وزنه) وقليل الذوبان في الماء الحار.&lt;br /&gt;
ولا يذوب في معظم [[مذيب عضوي|المذيبات العضوية]]. ويحرر [[ثاني اكسيد الكربون]] من الكربونات. ويتفاعل مع المركبات الحاوية على [[أيون]]ات ions  ال[[معادن]] القوية، أو ال[[أمونيوم]] أو ال[[مغنزيوم]] ويعطي [[ملح|أملاحاً]] (ألجينات)، التي تذوب في الماء وتشكّل محاليل لزجة من نموذج ال[[غراوانيات]] الأليفة للماء. وان أملاح المعادن الأخرى غير ذوابة بالماء.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
تمتلك الألجينات، بشكل خاص [[ملح صودي|الملح الصودي]]، بسبب تفاعليتها الكيميائية الكبيرة، بعض الميزات التي تفوق ال[[آغار]] وال[[نشاء]] وال[[بكتين]] و [[صموغ نباتية|الصموغ النباتية]] وال[[جيلاتين]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==الاستخدامات==&lt;br /&gt;
تستعمل الألجينات كعوامل تثبيت، [[تثخين]]، [[استحلاب]]، ازالة ال[[تندف]]، وعوامل تشكيل ال[[هلام]] والأقلام والخيوط في ال[[مطاط]]، ال[[دهان]]، ال[[نسيج]]، ال[[أسنان]]، الطعام (بما فها البوظة)، ال[[تجميل]]، وفي [[صناعات صيدلانية|الصناعات الصيدلانية]]. وتعد صياغة ال[[مراهم]]، ال[[كريم]]ات، [[معجون|المعاجين]]، الهلامات، [[قرص|الأقراص]]، أمثلة على استخدامها في الصناعات الصيدلانية.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
يستعمل أيضاً في مستحضرات الأقراص والسوائل لمكافحة الجزْر ([[جزيان رجوعي|الجريان الرجوعي]]) المعدي المريئي. ان ألياف النسيج تستعمل كمضادات مرقئة قابلة للمص.&lt;br /&gt;
Alginate absorbs water quickly, which makes it useful as an additive in [[dehydrated]] products such as [[diet aid|slimming aids]], and in the manufacture of paper and textiles. It is also used for [[waterproofing]] and [[fireproofing]] fabrics, as a [[gelling agent]], for [[thickening]] drinks, ice cream and cosmetics, and as a [[detoxification|detoxifier]] that can absorb poisonous metals from the blood.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alginate is used in various [[pharmaceutical]] preparations such as [[Gaviscon]], Bisodol, and Asilone. Alginate is used extensively as an [[Impression (dental)|impression]]-making material in [[dentistry]], [[prosthetic]]s, [[lifecasting]] and occasionally for creating positives for small-scale [[casting]]. It is also used in the food industry, for thickening soups and jellies. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Calcium alginate is used in different types of medical products, including burn dressings that promote healing and can be removed with less pain than conventional dressings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, due to alginate&amp;#039;s [[biocompatibility]] and simple [[gelation]] with [[divalent]] [[cation]]s such as Ca&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, it is widely used for [[immobilized whole cell|cell immobilization]] and [[immobilized enzyme|encapsulation]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alginic acid (alginato) is also used in [[culinary art]]s, most notably in the &amp;quot;Esferificación&amp;quot; ([[Spherification|Sphereification]]) techniques of [[Ferran Adrià]] of [[El Bulli]] in [[Roses, Girona]], where natural juices of fruits and vegetables are encapsulated in bubbles that &amp;quot;explode&amp;quot; on the tongue when consumed. One of the most famous examples of this use of alginic acid was when [[Ferran Adrià]] used alginic acid to make apple caviar.&amp;lt;ref name= &amp;quot;lome&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web |title= Lo Mejor de la Gastronomia |publisher= StarChefs.com |url= http://starchefs.com/events/lo_mejor_de_la_gastronomia/2003/html/apple_caviar_f_adria.shtml |accessdate= 2007-11-14}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its ability to absorb water quickly, alginate can be changed through a [[lyophilization]] process to a new structure that has the ability to expand. It is used in the weight loss industry as an [[appetite suppressant]].&lt;br /&gt;
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In March, 2010 researchers at [[Newcastle University]] announced that dietary alginates can reduce human fat uptake by more than 75%.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title= Seaweed to tackle rising tide of obesity |publisher= Newcastle University |url= http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/item/seaweed-to-tackle-rising-tide-of-obesity |accessdate= 2010-03-22}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==ألجينات الصوديوم==&lt;br /&gt;
{{رئيسي|ألجينات صوديوم}}&lt;br /&gt;
The [[chemical compound]] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;sodium alginate&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is the [[sodium]] [[Salt (chemistry)|salt]] of alginic acid. Its [[empirical formula]] is NaC&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;6&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;7&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;6&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;.  Sodium alginate is a [[natural gum|gum]], extracted from the cell walls of [[brown algae]].&lt;br /&gt;
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===الاستخدامات===&lt;br /&gt;
Its form as a flavorless [[natural gum|gum]], is used by the foods industry to increase [[viscosity]] and as an [[emulsifier]]. It is also used in [[indigestion]] tablets and the preparation of [[dental impression]]s. &lt;br /&gt;
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A major application for sodium alginate is in [[reactive dye printing]], as as thickener for reactive dyestuffs (such as the Procion cotton-reactive dyes) in textile screen-printing and carpet jet-printing. Alginates do not react with these dyes and wash out easily, unlike starch-based thickeners. &lt;br /&gt;
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Sodium alginate is a good chelator for pulling radioactive toxins such as iodine-131 and strontium-90 from the body which have taken the place of their non-radioactive counterparts.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sutton, A., Harrison, G. E., Carr, T. E., and Barltrop, D. Reduction in the absorption of dietary strontium in children by an alginate derivative. Br.J.Radiol. 44[523], 567. 1971&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sutton, A., Harrison, B. E., Carr, T. E., and Barltrop, D. Reduction in the absorption of dietary strontium in children by an alginate derivative. Int.J.Radiat.Biol.Relat Stud.Phys.Chem.Med. 19[1], 79-85. 1971&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is also used in [[Immobilized enzyme|immobilizing enzymes]] by inclusion.&lt;br /&gt;
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As a food additive, sodium alginate is used especially in the production of gel-like foods. For example, bakers&amp;#039; &amp;quot;Chellies&amp;quot; are often gelled alginate &amp;quot;jam.&amp;quot; Also, the pimento stuffing in prepared cocktail olives is usually injected as a slurry at the same time that the stone is ejected; the slurry is subsequently set by immersing the olive in a solution of a [[calcium salt]] which causes rapid gelation by electrostatic cross-linking.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010|reason=I have never read about or even heard of this process}} A similar process can be used to make &amp;quot;chunks&amp;quot; of everything from cat food through &amp;quot;reformed&amp;quot; ham or fish to &amp;quot;fruit&amp;quot; pieces for pies. It has the [[E-number]] 401. &lt;br /&gt;
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Nowadays it is also used in the biological experiments for the immobilization of cells to obtain important products like alcohols, organic acids,etc.&lt;br /&gt;
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In recent years sodium alginate has been used in [[molecular gastronomy]] at some of the best restaurants in the world. [[Ferran Adria]] pioneered the technique and it has since been used by chefs such as [[Grant Achatz]] and [[Heston Blumenthal]].  Sodium alginate is combined with calcium lactate or similar compound to create spheres of liquid surrounded by a thin jelly membrane.&lt;br /&gt;
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==ألجينات البوتاسيوم==&lt;br /&gt;
{{رئيسي|ألجينات بوتاسيوم}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Potassium alginate&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a chemical compound that is the potassium [[salt]] of alginic acid. It is an extract of seaweed.  Its empirical chemical formula is KC&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;6&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;7&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;6&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===الاستخدامات===&lt;br /&gt;
Potassium alginate is widely used in foods as a [[stabilizer]], thickener, and [[emulsifier]].&lt;br /&gt;
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Its use as a pharmaceutical excipient is currently limited to experimental [[hydrogel]] systems. The [[viscosity]], adhesiveness, [[elasticity]], stiffness, and cohesiveness of potassium alginate hydrogels have been determined and compared with values from a range of other hydrogel-forming materials. The effect of calcium ions on the rheological properties of procyanidin hydrogels containing potassium alginate and intended for oral administration has also been investigated.&lt;br /&gt;
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==انظر أيضا==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hyaluronic acid]], a similar polysaccharide in animals&lt;br /&gt;
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==وصلات خارجية==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.cybercolloids.net/library/alghistory/seaweeds.php Alginate seaweed sources]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.cybercolloids.net/library/alginate/properties.php Alginate properties]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.10/start.html?pg=4 article] [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] on [[Easy Cheese]], describing sodium alginate&lt;br /&gt;
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==المصادر==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Drugs for peptic ulcer and GORD}}&lt;br /&gt;
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[[تصنيف: حموض]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>أسيل سيوف</name></author>
	</entry>
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